Anatomy of Flowering Plants – NEET MCQs with Concept Reminders | Class 11 NCERT

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

If Morphology was about the “external features” of plants, then Anatomy of Flowering Plants is all about what’s inside.
You’ll learn about plant tissues (meristematic & permanent), internal structure of dicot/monocot roots, stems, leaves, and secondary growth.
This chapter is very scoring in NEET because questions are mostly diagram-based and fact-based from NCERT.

Here are the important MCQs with answers and quick concept explanation to help you revise smartly.

1. Plant Tissues

Q1. Meristematic tissues are:
A) Dead
B) Living, dividing
C) Protective
D) Non-dividing

Correct answer : B) Living, dividing
Concept explanation:
Meristems = actively dividing cells. Types: Apical (root/shoot growth), Intercalary (nodes, grasses), Lateral (secondary growth).

Q2. Which meristem is responsible for increase in girth of plant?
A) Apical meristem
B) Intercalary meristem
C) Lateral meristem
D) Primary meristem

Correct answer : C) Lateral meristem
Concept explanation:
Lateral meristems = cambium & cork cambium → secondary growth, increases thickness.

Q3. Xylem tracheids and vessel elements are:
A) Living
B) Dead
C) Dividing
D) Parenchymatous

Correct answer : B) Dead
Concept explanation:
Xylem vessels/tracheids lose protoplasm → dead, lignified → water conduction.

2. Simple Permanent Tissues

Q4. Collenchyma provides:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Mechanical support
C) Transport
D) Storage

Correct answer : B) Mechanical support
Concept explanation:
Collenchyma = living, unevenly thickened corners, flexible support (seen in young dicot stems).

Q5. Sclerenchyma fibers are:

A) Living
B) Dead
C) Dividing
D) Thin-walled

Correct answer : B) Dead
Concept explanation:
Sclerenchyma = dead, lignified, provides rigidity. Types: fibers (elongated), sclereids (stone cells, gritty texture in pear).

3. Complex Tissues – Xylem & Phloem

Q6. Which one is not a component of phloem?
A) Companion cells
B) Tracheids
C) Sieve tubes
D) Phloem parenchyma

Correct answer : B) Tracheids
Concept explanation:
Phloem = sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, phloem fibers. Tracheids belong to xylem.

Q7. In angiosperms, the main water-conducting elements are:
A) Tracheids
B) Vessels
C) Phloem fibers
D) Parenchyma

Correct answer : B) Vessels
Concept explanation:
Vessels (only in angiosperms) are more efficient water conductors than tracheids.

4. Anatomy of Root

Q8. In dicot root, xylem and phloem are:
A) Radial & exarch
B) Conjoint & endarch
C) Radial & endarch
D) Conjoint & exarch

Correct answer : A) Radial & exarch
Concept explanation:
Dicot root = radial arrangement, xylem is exarch (protoxylem towards periphery, metaxylem towards center).

Q9. In monocot roots (like maize), pith is:
A) Absent
B) Large & well developed
C) Small
D) Replaced by xylem

Correct answer : B) Large & well developed
Concept explanation:
Monocot roots have many xylem bundles (polyarch) and a large central pith.

5. Anatomy of Stem

Q10. In dicot stem, vascular bundles are:
A) Conjoint, collateral, closed
B) Conjoint, collateral, open
C) Radial, exarch
D) Scattered, closed

Correct answer : B) Conjoint, collateral, open
Concept explanation:
Dicot stem = vascular bundles arranged in a ring, open type (with cambium for secondary growth).

Q11. In monocot stems like maize, vascular bundles are:
A) Open & in a ring
B) Closed & scattered
C) Open & radial
D) Closed & collateral in a ring

Correct answer : B) Closed & scattered
Concept explanation:
Monocot stems = vascular bundles scattered in ground tissue, closed (no cambium).

6. Anatomy of Leaf

Q12. The upper epidermis of leaf contains:
A) Guard cells
B) Stomata (rare)
C) Xylem
D) Phloem

Correct answer : B) Stomata (rare)
Concept explanation:
In most dicots, stomata are more on lower epidermis, but in monocots, stomata are equally present on both surfaces (isobilateral leaf).

Q13. In a dorsiventral (dicot) leaf, palisade tissue is found:
A) Upper side
B) Lower side
C) Middle part
D) Around veins

Correct answer : A) Upper side
Concept explanation:
Dicot leaf: palisade parenchyma below upper epidermis (for photosynthesis), spongy tissue below (for gas exchange).

7. Secondary Growth

Q14. The vascular cambium produces:
A) Secondary xylem inward, phloem outward
B) Secondary phloem inward, xylem outward
C) Cork cells inward, phloem outward
D) Cortex inward, cork outward

Correct answer : A) Secondary xylem inward, phloem outward
Concept explanation:
Cambium activity → xylem inside, phloem outside → increases stem girth.

Q15. Annual rings are formed due to:
A) Activity of cork cambium
B) Seasonal activity of vascular cambium
C) Continuous growth of xylem
D) Phloem deposition

Correct answer : B) Seasonal activity of vascular cambium
Concept explanation:
In temperate regions, vascular cambium is active in spring (spring wood) & less active in winter (autumn wood) → annual rings.

Q16. Cork cambium produces:

A) Secondary xylem
B) Phelloderm & cork
C) Phloem fibers
D) Epidermis

Correct answer : B) Phelloderm & cork
Concept explanation:
Cork cambium (phellogen) → forms cork (phellem) outside & secondary cortex (phelloderm) inside.

8. Lenticels & Periderm

Q17. Lenticels are involved in:
A) Transpiration
B) Gaseous exchange
C) Water conduction
D) Food transport

Correct answer : B) Gaseous exchange
Concept explanation:
Lenticels = small openings in cork → allow oxygen exchange in woody stems.

NEET Tips for Anatomy

1. Focus on diagrams – Dicots vs monocots (root, stem, leaf) are standard NEET questions.
2. Remember tissue differences – living vs dead, functions (e.g., collenchyma = support, xylem = water).
3. Secondary growth steps – cambium, rings, cork cambium → repeated every year.
4. NCERT Tables are GOLD – Many questions are straight factual picks.

The Anatomy of Flowering Plants chapter might feel full of details, but once you practice diagrams + revise tissue features, you’ll find it one of the most scoring topics.
Questions in NEET are usually NCERT-based factual MCQs, so focus on terms, examples, and diagrams rather than over-complicated details.

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