Morphology of Flowering Plants – NEET MCQs with Concept explanation Class 11 NCERT
The morphology of flowering plants chapter is like learning the “body language” of plants. It’s all about understanding how different parts like roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits are built — and why they look and work the way they do.
For NEET, this chapter is super scoring because the questions are often direct from NCERT. If you know the terms and examples, you’re already halfway there!
So, let’s make it fun — here are 15 MCQs with quick concept reminders to make sure you not only answer but remember why the answer is right.
MCQs with Concept Reminders
Q1. The main function of the root is:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Absorption of water and minerals
A) Photosynthesis
B) Absorption of water and minerals
C) Reproduction
D) Transpiration
D) Transpiration
Correct answer: A) Absorption of water and minerals
Concept explanation:
Roots anchor the plant and absorb water + minerals from the soil. Some roots are modified for storage (carrot), respiration (pneumatophores), or support (prop roots).
Q2. Which type of root system is found in monocots?
A) Taproot
B) Fibrous
C) Adventitious
D) Prop
Concept explanation:
Roots anchor the plant and absorb water + minerals from the soil. Some roots are modified for storage (carrot), respiration (pneumatophores), or support (prop roots).
Q2. Which type of root system is found in monocots?
A) Taproot
B) Fibrous
C) Adventitious
D) Prop
Correct answer: B) Fibrous
Concept explanation:
Monocots like wheat, rice, and maize have a fibrous root system where many roots arise from the base of the stem.
Q3. The stem modification for climbing is seen in:
A) Tendrils
B) Thorns
C) Bulb
D) Rhizome
Concept explanation:
Monocots like wheat, rice, and maize have a fibrous root system where many roots arise from the base of the stem.
Q3. The stem modification for climbing is seen in:
A) Tendrils
B) Thorns
C) Bulb
D) Rhizome
Correct answer: A) Tendrils
Concept explanation:
Tendrils (in plants like gourds and grapevines) help in climbing for sunlight access.
Q4. Leaves are attached to the stem at the:
A) Node
B) Internode
C) Petiole
D) Lamina
Concept explanation:
Tendrils (in plants like gourds and grapevines) help in climbing for sunlight access.
Q4. Leaves are attached to the stem at the:
A) Node
B) Internode
C) Petiole
D) Lamina
Correct answer: A) Node
Concept explanation:
Nodes are points where leaves, buds, or branches arise. The space between two nodes is the internode.
Q5. The arrangement of leaves on the stem is called:
A) Venation
B) Phyllotaxy
C) Aestivation
D) Placentation
Concept explanation:
Nodes are points where leaves, buds, or branches arise. The space between two nodes is the internode.
Q5. The arrangement of leaves on the stem is called:
A) Venation
B) Phyllotaxy
C) Aestivation
D) Placentation
Correct answer: B) Phyllotaxy
Concept explanation:
Phyllotaxy types:
Alternate – one leaf per node (China rose)
Opposite – two leaves opposite each other (Calotropis)
Whorled – more than two leaves per node (Alstonia)
Concept explanation:
Phyllotaxy types:
Alternate – one leaf per node (China rose)
Opposite – two leaves opposite each other (Calotropis)
Whorled – more than two leaves per node (Alstonia)
Q6. Reticulate venation is a feature of:
A) Monocots
B) Dicots
C) Ferns
D) Gymnosperms
A) Monocots
B) Dicots
C) Ferns
D) Gymnosperms
Correct answer: B) Dicots
Concept explanation:
Reticulate venation = network-like veins in the leaf, seen in dicots (e.g., hibiscus).
Q7. Which type of aestivation is found in pea flowers?
A) Valvate
B) Twisted
C) Imbricate
D) Vexillary
Reticulate venation = network-like veins in the leaf, seen in dicots (e.g., hibiscus).
Q7. Which type of aestivation is found in pea flowers?
A) Valvate
B) Twisted
C) Imbricate
D) Vexillary
Correct answer: D) Vexillary
Concept explanation:
In vexillary aestivation, one large petal (standard) overlaps two lateral petals (wings) which overlap two smallest petals (keel).
Q8. The ovary position in hibiscus is:
A) Superior
B) Inferior
C) Half-inferior
D) None of these
Concept explanation:
In vexillary aestivation, one large petal (standard) overlaps two lateral petals (wings) which overlap two smallest petals (keel).
Q8. The ovary position in hibiscus is:
A) Superior
B) Inferior
C) Half-inferior
D) None of these
Correct answer: A) Superior
Concept explanation:
Superior ovary = ovary above other floral parts (hypogynous flower).
Concept explanation:
Superior ovary = ovary above other floral parts (hypogynous flower).
Q9. The edible part of an apple is:
A) Ovary
B) Receptacle
C) Seed
D) Pericarp
A) Ovary
B) Receptacle
C) Seed
D) Pericarp
Correct answer: B) Receptacle
Concept explanation:
Apple is a false fruit — the edible part is the fleshy thalamus, not the ovary.
Q10. Which placentation is found in tomato?
A) Marginal
B) Axile
C) Parietal
D) Free central
Concept explanation:
Apple is a false fruit — the edible part is the fleshy thalamus, not the ovary.
Q10. Which placentation is found in tomato?
A) Marginal
B) Axile
C) Parietal
D) Free central
Correct answer: B) Axile
Concept explanation:
In axile placentation, ovules are attached to a central axis (seen in tomato, lemon, hibiscus).
Q11. The pericarp is made of:
A) Epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp ✅
B) Epicarp only
C) Seed coat
D) Ovule
Concept explanation:
In axile placentation, ovules are attached to a central axis (seen in tomato, lemon, hibiscus).
Q11. The pericarp is made of:
A) Epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp ✅
B) Epicarp only
C) Seed coat
D) Ovule
Correct answer: A) Epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp
Concept explanation:
Pericarp = fruit wall formed from ovary wall after fertilization.
Q12. Ginger is a:
A) Root
B) Stem
C) Leaf
D) Fruit
Pericarp = fruit wall formed from ovary wall after fertilization.
Q12. Ginger is a:
A) Root
B) Stem
C) Leaf
D) Fruit
Correct answer: B) Stem
Concept explanation:
Ginger is a rhizome — a horizontal underground stem with nodes, internodes, and scale leaves.
Q13. Which of the following is an aggregate fruit?
A) Mango
B) Apple
C) Strawberry
D) Tomato
Concept explanation:
Ginger is a rhizome — a horizontal underground stem with nodes, internodes, and scale leaves.
Q13. Which of the following is an aggregate fruit?
A) Mango
B) Apple
C) Strawberry
D) Tomato
Correct answer: C) Strawberry
Concept explanation:
Aggregate fruits form from a single flower with multiple free carpels (e.g., strawberry, raspberry).
Q14. Which modification is seen in potato?
A) Tuber
B) Bulb
C) Rhizome
D) Corm
Concept explanation:
Aggregate fruits form from a single flower with multiple free carpels (e.g., strawberry, raspberry).
Q14. Which modification is seen in potato?
A) Tuber
B) Bulb
C) Rhizome
D) Corm
Correct answer: A) Tuber
Concept explanation:
Potato is a stem tuber — stores food, has “eyes” (nodes).
Q15. The seed coat in dicots is made of:
A) Testa and tegmen
B) Epicarp and mesocarp
C) Aleurone layer
D) Endosperm
Potato is a stem tuber — stores food, has “eyes” (nodes).
Q15. The seed coat in dicots is made of:
A) Testa and tegmen
B) Epicarp and mesocarp
C) Aleurone layer
D) Endosperm
Correct answer: A) Testa and tegmen
Concept explanation:
Testa (outer layer) is hard and protective; tegmen (inner layer) is thin and membranous.
Concept explanation:
Testa (outer layer) is hard and protective; tegmen (inner layer) is thin and membranous.
1. Root
Q1. The primary function of roots is:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Anchorage and absorption
C) Transport of food
D) Storage of water
Correct answer: B) Anchorage and absorption
Concept explanation:
Roots hold the plant firmly in the soil and absorb water and minerals. Some roots also modify for storage (carrot), respiration (pneumatophores), or support (prop roots).
Q2. In maize and sugarcane, the roots that arise from the stem are called:
A) Tap roots
B) Adventitious roots
C) Lateral roots
D) Fibrous roots
Correct answer: B) Adventitious roots
Concept explanation:
Adventitious roots grow from plant parts other than the radicle (like stem nodes in maize).
Q3. Pneumatophores are seen in:
A) Hydrophytes
B) Xerophytes
C) Mangroves
D) Epiphytes
Correct answer: C) Mangroves
Concept explanation:
In mangroves like Rhizophora, roots grow upward to breathe in oxygen in waterlogged soils.
2. Stem
Q4. The underground stem of potato is a:
A) Corm
B) Rhizome
C) Tuber
D) Bulb
Correct answer: C) Tuber
Concept explanation:
Potato is a stem tuber (not a root) because it has nodes, internodes, and "eyes" (axillary buds).
Q5. The modification of stem for photosynthesis is seen in:
A) Opuntia
B) Ginger
C) Onion
D) Colocasia
Correct answer: A) Opuntia
Concept explanation:
In xerophytes like Opuntia, leaves are reduced to spines, and stem becomes green & photosynthetic.
Q6. Ginger is an example of:
A) Rhizome
B) Corm
C) Bulb
D) Tuber
Correct answer: A) Rhizome
Concept explanation:
Rhizomes are horizontal underground stems with nodes & internodes, e.g., Ginger, Turmeric.
3. Leaf
Q7. Venation in monocots is mostly:
A) Reticulate
B) Parallel
C) Circular
D) Spiral
Correct answer: B) Parallel
Concept explanation:
Monocots have parallel venation (grasses, maize), while dicots have reticulate venation (peepal, hibiscus).
Q8. A compound leaf differs from a simple leaf in having:
A) No petiole
B) Leaflets
C) Axillary bud at the base of each leaflet
D) Large lamina
Correct answer: B) Leaflets
Concept explanation:
In compound leaves, the leaf blade is divided into leaflets, but axillary buds are found only at the base of the whole leaf, not each leaflet.
Q9. Modification of leaves into tendrils helps in:
A) Absorption
B) Photosynthesis
C) Climbing
D) Support
Correct answer: C) Climbing
Concept explanation:
In plants like peas, leaf tendrils coil around a support to help climbing.
4. Flower
Q10. The floral formula of a mustard plant is:
A) ⚥ K5 C5 A5 G(2)
B) ⚥ K(5) C(5) A(2+4) G(2)
C) ⚥ K4 C4 A4 G(1)
D) ⚥ K5 C5 A5 G(3)
Correct answer: B) ⚥ K(5) C(5) A(2+4) G(2)
Concept explanation:
Mustard (family Brassicaceae) has sepals 4, petals 4, stamens 6 (tetradynamous), bicarpellary ovary.
Q11. In hypogynous flowers, the ovary is:
A) Inferior
B) Superior
C) Half-inferior
D) Half-superior
Correct answer: B) Superior
Concept explanation:
In hypogynous condition, ovary is above the other floral parts (e.g., mustard, brinjal).
Q12. Which type of placentation is found in sunflower?
A) Axile
B) Basal
C) Marginal
D) Parietal
Correct answer: B) Basal
Concept explanation:
Basal placentation = ovules at the base of the ovary (seen in sunflower, marigold).
5. Fruit
Q13. The edible part of apple is:
A) Endosperm
B) Mesocarp
C) Thalamus
D) Pericarp
Correct answer: C) Thalamus
Concept explanation:
Apple is a false fruit (accessory fruit) where the fleshy part is from the thalamus, not the ovary.
Q14. Mango fruit is classified as:
A) Drupe
B) Berry
C) Capsule
D) Nut
Correct answer: A) Drupe
Concept explanation:
Drupe = one-seeded fruit with thin epicarp, fleshy mesocarp, and hard endocarp (stone), e.g., mango, coconut.
Q15. Legume fruit is found in:
A) Wheat
B) Sunflower
C) Pea
D) Orange
Correct answer: C) Pea
Concept explanation:
Legume = dry dehiscent fruit developing from a single carpel (pea, bean).
6. Seed
Q16. In dicot seeds, the food is stored in:
A) Cotyledons
B) Endosperm
C) Plumule
D) Radicle
Correct answer: A) Cotyledons
Concept explanation:
Dicot seeds (pea, bean) store food in two cotyledons.
Q17. In monocot seeds like maize, the single cotyledon is called:
A) Plumule
B) Scutellum
C) Coleoptile
D) Coleorhiza
Correct answer: B) Scutellum
Concept explanation:
Scutellum = shield-like cotyledon in maize; coleoptile covers plumule, coleorhiza covers radicle.
Q18. Albuminous seeds retain:
A) Cotyledons
B) Endosperm
C) Thalamus
D) Embryo
Correct answer: B) Endosperm
Concept explanation:
In albuminous seeds (wheat, maize), endosperm remains in the mature seed.
NEET Tips for This Chapter
1. Memorize floral formulas & diagrams – 2–3 questions directly come from families like Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae.
2. Revise modifications – roots, stems, leaves, and their functions are repeated NEET favourites.
3. Practice identification – If you can match examples to types (venation, inflorescence, fruit type), you’ll score faster.
4. Focus on NCERT terminology – Exact words in NCERT are used in NEET MCQs.
The Morphology of Flowering Plants is a scoring chapter because NEET questions are straight from NCERT lines.
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