Mineral Nutrition – NEET Notes with MCQs & Concept Explanations
Mineral Nutrition
Minerals are necessary for plants' growth, development, and metabolic processes, much as they are for human health. These minerals are taken by roots after being dissolved in water and coming from the soil.
This chapter is crucial for NEET since the following questions are frequently tested:
Crucial components and their roles
Symptoms of deficiencies
Fixation of nitrogen (very critical)
This chapter is crucial for NEET since the following questions are frequently tested:
Crucial components and their roles
Symptoms of deficiencies
Fixation of nitrogen (very critical)
Crucial Mineral Components
Approximately 17 of the 105 known elements are necessary for higher plants.1. Normal growth and reproduction depend on the element.
2. It has distinct symptoms of insufficiency.
3. No other element can take the place of the role.
Plant Deficiency Symptoms
- When a necessary component is absent, plants exhibit obvious symptoms.
- Important NEET Examples:
- Nitrogen (N): Reduced protein/DNA, chlorosis (leaf yellowing), and poor growth.
- Phosphorus (P): Weak seeds, purple leaves, and slow root development.
- Potassium (K): Necrosis (dead patches) and leaf tip burns.
- Stunted root tips and inhibition of cell wall development are caused by calcium (Ca).
- Magnesium (Mg): low chlorophyll synthesis and interveinal chlorosis.
- Brown patches (chlorosis + necrosis) in Manganese (Mn).
- Zinc (Zn): Rosette development, a minor leaf disease.
- Copper (Cu): Shoot dieback.
- Molybdenum: Inadequate fixation of nitrogen.
- Boron (B): Poor pollen development and shoot tip death.
- Chlorine (Cl): poor osmotic control and leaf wilting.
Mineral Toxicity
A mineral in excess can be dangerous:Mn toxicity → competes with the uptake of Fe, Mg, and Ca.
displays chlorosis and brown patches.
The metabolism of nitrogen is crucial for NEET.
Proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, and hormones all require nitrogen.
Types of Nitrogen Intaked:
Nitrate (NO₃⁻)
Ammonium (NH₄⁺)
The amino acids
NEET MCQs with Concept Explanations
Q1. Which element is a constituent of chlorophyll?A) Calcium
B) Magnesium
C) Iron
D) Phosphorus
Answer : B) Magnesium
Concept Explanation : Mg²⁺ sits at the center of chlorophyll molecule.
Q2. The deficiency of which element causes interveinal chlorosis in young leaves?
A) Nitrogen
B) Potassium
C) Iron
D) Magnesium
Q2. The deficiency of which element causes interveinal chlorosis in young leaves?
A) Nitrogen
B) Potassium
C) Iron
D) Magnesium
Answer : C) Iron
Concept Explanation : Iron deficiency → interveinal chlorosis, especially in young leaves.
Q3. Leghemoglobin in root nodules helps in:
A) Transport of nutrients
B) Regulation of pH
C) Oxygen scavenging
D) Transport of nitrate
Answer : C) Oxygen scavenging
Concept Explanation : Leghemoglobin protects nitrogenase enzyme from oxygen.
Concept Explanation : Leghemoglobin protects nitrogenase enzyme from oxygen.
Q4. Which one is not a macronutrient?
A) Calcium
B) Zinc
C) Magnesium
D) Sulphur
Answer : B) Zinc
Concept Explanation : Zinc is a micronutrient.Q5. Nitrogenase enzyme is inactivated by:
A) CO₂
B) NH₄⁺
C) O₂
D) H₂
Answer : C) O₂
Concept Explanation : Nitrogen fixation needs anaerobic conditions.Q6. The deficiency of which mineral causes rosette disease (little leaf)?
A) Boron
B) Zinc
C) Iron
D) Copper
Answer : B) Zinc
Concept Explanation : Zinc deficiency → rosette formation (short internodes).Q7. Which microbe converts NO₂⁻ → NO₃⁻ in soil?
A) Nitrosomonas
B) Nitrobacter
C) Azotobacter
D) Rhizobium
Answer : B) Nitrobacter
Concept Explanation : Nitrosomonas = NH₄⁺ → NO₂⁻, Nitrobacter = NO₂⁻ → NO₃⁻.Q8. Which is the first stable product of nitrogen fixation?
A) NO₂⁻
B) NH₃
C) NO₃⁻
D) Glutamate
Answer : B) NH₃
Concept Explanation : Nitrogenase reduces N₂ → NH₃.Q9. Which element is essential for nitrogen fixation in legumes?
A) Iron
B) Molybdenum
C) Magnesium
D) Zinc
Answer : B) Molybdenum
Concept Explanation : Molybdenum acts as a cofactor for nitrogenase enzyme in nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium).
Q10. The element required for the synthesis of chlorophyll is:
A) Calcium
B) Magnesium
C) Potassium
D) Sulphur
Answer : B) Magnesium
Concept Explanation : Magnesium forms the central atom in chlorophyll. Its deficiency causes chlorosis (yellowing of leaves).
Q11. Which mineral is called the "energy currency regulator" in plants?
A) Potassium
B) Calcium
C) Nitrogen
D) Phosphorus
Answer : A) Potassium
Concept Explanation : Potassium helps in opening & closing of stomata, maintains osmotic balance, and regulates ATP production.
Q12. Which mineral is required for phospholipids, nucleic acids, and ATP?
A) Potassium
B) Phosphorus
C) Sulphur
D) Zinc
Answer : B) Phosphorus
Concept Explanation : Phosphorus is part of DNA, RNA, ATP, and membranes. Its deficiency leads to poor root growth.
Q13. A plant shows necrosis (death of tissue at leaf tips). This may be due to deficiency of:
A) Potassium
B) Calcium
C) Magnesium
D) All of these
Answer : D) All of these
Concept Explanation : Necrosis is commonly caused by deficiencies of Ca, Mg, Cu, K.
Q14. Which element is required for synthesis of auxin (IAA)?
A) Zinc
B) Copper
C) Boron
D) Iron
Answer : A) Zinc
Concept Explanation : Zinc helps in tryptophan → auxin (IAA) synthesis. Deficiency = "little leaf disease" in plants.
Q15. Leghemoglobin in root nodules requires:
A) Zinc
B) Iron
C) Boron
D) Calcium
Answer : B) Iron
Concept Explanation : Leghemoglobin (oxygen carrier in nodules) needs iron to function. It gives nodules a pink color.
Q16. Which of the following is a micronutrient?
A) Sulphur
B) Magnesium
C) Manganese
D) Phosphorus
Answer : C) Manganese
Concept Explanation : Micronutrients are required in small amounts (Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cl, Ni, B, Fe).
Q17. The deficiency of boron in plants affects:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Cell wall formation
C) Respiration
D) Nitrogen fixation
Answer : B) Cell wall formation
Concept Explanation : Boron is essential for cell wall synthesis & pollen tube growth.
Q18. In nitrogen cycle, nitrification is carried out by:
A) Nitrosomonas & Nitrobacter
B) Rhizobium
C) Clostridium
D) Azotobacter
Answer : A) Nitrosomonas & Nitrobacter
Concept Explanation :
Nitrosomonas: NH₄⁺ → NO₂⁻
Nitrobacter: NO₂⁻ → NO₃⁻
An overview of the macro and micro NEET Essential Elements (17).
Leghemoglobin, the nitrogenase enzyme, symbiotic bacteria, and free-living microorganisms all contribute to nitrogen fixation.Transamination and reductive amination are the processes that create amino acids.
Ammonification, nitrification, assimilation, and denitrification are the stages of the soil nitrogen cycle.
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